A Modest Proposal Essays

A Modest Proposal Essays A Modest Proposal Paper A Modest Proposal Paper Swift creates a narrator in order to satirize the intellectual hypocrisy, arrogance, and moral depravity of the landlords who paper over greed and prejudice with scientific rationalizations about the causes of Irelands poverty. Englishmen of that era frequently attributed Irelands poverty to its backward Catholic faith, not to English policies. Swifts narrator mocks, of all things, Irish eating habits and cites a French physician who attributes the seasonal surplus of Irish infants to the Catholic practice of eating fish during lent which the expert claims make Catholics more fertile. He claims that this backward Catholic practice of fish-eating can actually be turned into a financial windfall because the Irish children can be butchered and eaten during religious holidays and after christenings. It never even occurs to the narrator that eating human beings is more barbaric than eating fish. And this is where the similarity becomes evident. For in Alive, Read has made it reasonable to eat flesh, and in a similar manner to Swift, uses impersonal vocabulary, such as carcass rather than body. Although there is a strong moral tone throughout, the text remains neutral and dispassionate in Alive. In both, the authors have not tried to make their voices sensational, but rather like arguing their cases by presenting evidence. We can see this on page 62, where the survivors are still indecisive. Both sides of opinions are given, one perhaps slightly stronger than the other, and the reader is allowed to decide for himself what is right. I think most readers, due to the biased nature of the script, and the conditions mentioned before hand, tend to agree with the eventuality. P P Read has taken care to point out via his characters, that social taboo is not a sin of God, and differentiates between sin and physical revulsion. No one of the survivors proclaims that what they are doing, or might do is wrong! but each argues for himself, for personal reasons. Read suggests that there is no moral indecision, as there is in Swifts Modest Proposal, but there is a distinction between what is accepted by social conventions and what is right in the name of God. As well as using motives and social issues, there are a variety of literary techniques used by both the narrator in A Modest Proposal, and P P Read. The narrators well structured, almost business like approach, in A Modest Proposal, that has the posterity of a politicians, such as, I propose to provide for them, and careful selection of words, nutrient rather than food is one example or yield to compare human flesh to crops to be harvested, becomes apparent only when the article is understood for its real meaning. This mix of both an apparently shielded, as well as a grotesquely open approach to cannibalism, for example, a healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, wholesome food, in A Modest Proposal, confounds the reader. Read, often to make a point, will isolate sentences, such as The truth was incontestable, and like Swift, writes his piece in a detached manner. Although he does sometimes generate empathy, for example from the letters that were never sent home, it is interesting to note that the detail and description is economised, saved for particular occasions, for example, the crash itself, or as the survivors watched as a far away, disorientated Valeta stumbled down a valley: his body slithered helplessly down the side of the mountain There is also a regular use of short, sharp sentences that are used for a similar effect as the above. Combined with very minimal writing, P P read presents an argument that is guided by him, yet is left to the reader- one that seems sensible, scientific, and pragmatic. With a similar purpose, although with a contrasting approach, Swift too teaches his confused readers an important object lesson about how easy it is to be taken in, about how easy it is to become perplexed and morally confused when faced with clever, but false, reasoning. For example, while most readers will recognize that Swift is not seriously advocating cannibalism, many will mistakenly attribute the narrators anti-Catholic ravings to the Anglican clergyman, Swift. Perhaps Swift wants to show readers that their own religious prejudices make them easy targets for manipulation and make their reason an unreliable instrument for clearly differentiating between the rationalizations of Swifts morally degenerate narrator and a truly enlightened Christian perspective (his own? )- In the same way that Read questions whether the fact that the survivors of the Fairchild are Christians make them differentiate between society and religion, or whether they become cannibals because of their own instincts, in mind of the Survival of the Fittest. In a similar way, Read approaches religion almost dismissively, yet takes it into special account. His story is very much about spirituality, and throughout, the characters are often speaking the Hail Mary, but continuing to eat flesh, in religious confusion. The barren lifeless environment that they inhabit seems to give them a particular closeness to God. Yet, they challenge century old ideas of respect for dead bodies, of the linkage of body and soul, and their thoughts of the dead as simply meat is a very radical idea in the Christian world. Whether the survivors of the Fairchild convince themselves or actually believe in what they are doing is another matter. It is clear to me that Read has used wine in particular to signify the Holy Communion in connection to the blood of Christ, yet this time, it seems that they have taken a step further, substituting bread for the body itself. Another survivor, Delgado: we thought to ourselves, that if Jesus at His last supper had shared His flesh and blood with his apostles, then it was a sign to us that we should do the same take the flesh and blood as an intimate communion between us all. Although Swifts grotesque narrator, with his reasoned proposal for cannibalism, his suggestion that childrens skin be manufactured into ladies gloves or gentlemens boots, and his grisly recipe collection is probably the literary antecedent of Hannibal Lecter, he states his piece so calmly, that one can sometimes wonder where the blood and gore has gone. The narrators moral confusion is also mirrored in Swifts readers. Swift entangles not only his narrator, but also his readers, possibly deliberately, in faulty reasoning. To most readers, the reasonable narrator appears completely irrational in suggesting cannibalism as a modest and reasonable solution to the problem of Irish poverty. Yet this cannibal professes Christianity and concern for the poor; he champions progress. An effective technique that Swift uses is verisimilitude. He quotes scientific experts such as a French doctor, and another cannibal, Psalmanazar, and manipulates reason and science to justify not only cannibalism, but ignorance, unemployment, exploitation, and anti-Catholic bigotry. However, the conditions which Swift or Read describes are not hyperbole, for the Great Potato Famine ravaged Ireland, and the moral dilemmas faced by the Argentinean Rugby Team were ones that had never been addressed in the society of the day. Only, in Modest Proposal does the projector exaggerate, and perhaps only a little. Instead, Swift has used savage irony to wield his powerful writing skills, and here lies the success of his article. By writing of cannibalism and its meaning in society as an antithesis, in an masterminded satirized form, Swift makes his work all the more poignant, while his projector appears cold, mechanical, his thoughts computed and wicked, his words spoken, rather, with the banality of evil in mind. However, in Alive, the reader learns that decisions of an extreme nature shall always have opposition, whichever answer is given. The author, while remaining detached and reporting only through the survivors journey and speech, I feel creates a similar narrator as in A Modest Proposal, only not quite as directly. There is certainly the voice of Pier Paul Read in the book, and although he is not quite as direct or inhumane as his counterpart in A Modest Proposal, his detachment creates a sense of fear and bewilderment in the reader, as they envision what they themselves might have don in a similar situation. When Alive and A Modest Proposal are compared, although I found this difficult considering they are not easily paralleled, I preferred Jonathan Swifts satirical piece, for this reason. It was short, ridiculous, and although not originally intended, humorous in its madness. On the other hand, I found Pier Paul Reads work tedious and too questioning of a topic, cannibalism, that many today have made their firm minds up about, and of decisions that may only be changed if they were faced with such terrible situations.

Hernando Cortes essays

Hernando Cortes essays Cortes was a very cruel Spanish explorer. In 1519 he conquered central and southern Mexico. His military triumphs led to 300 years of Spanish conquest. He went out to find gold and land, when he got there he found gold and beautiful land. He took the Aztecs land and gold. Cortes was born to a noble family. He was born in 1485 and died in 1547. He was born in Medellin in the province of Extramundra Spain. Cortes became mayor of Santiago de Cuba. When he was 19 he gave up his law studies, so he could go explore. Before Cortes went to Mexico he was on a Cuban expedition with Governor Diego Velazquez. After the Cuban expedition Cortes sailed to Yucatan. After sailing to Yucatan Cortes decided to go explore Mexico. The reason Cortes wanted to go explore Mexico was to seize slaves, land, and treasures. When he got to Mexico he killed all the tribes in his way. He formed a treaty with the Txclan tribe. When he got to the Aztecs they were very hard to beat. It took Cortes two long hard years to finally defeat the Aztecs. After he defeated the Aztecs he took over Mexico. Cortes was very cruel to the Aztecs and to his crew. Cortes was considered a hero in Spain for taking over Mexico. Now most people think of him as a cruel leader. While taking over Mexico his crew wanted to go back to Cuba. Cortes burned his ships so that his crew would be loyal to him and so his crew wouldnt go back to Cuba. After Cortes found Mexico he went on other expeditions searching for gold. When he got to other lands he did not find anything. The Aztecs thought that when Cortes came to Tenochtitlan he was the god Queztcoatl, they let him into their city. Cortes found amazing buildings in Tenochtitlan he thought it was all a dream. He found lots of gold and many other treasures. The Aztec people were to him. Soon Cortes captured the Azteck ruler Montezuma and he soon died. Then the Aztec Empire fell but new leaders ...