The Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered - 1481 Words

This can easily be considered one of the most controversial and heated topics of the century, underage drinking happens every day in the United States and for some this might seem unacceptable but for most this is all because an unfair law put up by the government. The legal drinking age should be lowered from 21 to 18 because, among other things; 18 is the age of adulthood in America and adults should have the right to make their own decisions, also traffic accidents and fatalities are most common among newly-legal drinkers regardless of their drinking age; and, this law has not stopped anyone, teens continue to drink and consume alcohol regardless of the age restriction. There are many pros to modifying this law, definitely more pros than cons, and many argue that it is time for a change. The United States is part of the only 6 countries out of 138 researched to have the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) set at 21, the rest are all 18 or even lower (World Health Organization, 2004) . Turning 18 entails receiving the rights and responsibilities of adulthood to vote, smoke cigarettes, serve on juries, get married, sign contracts, be prosecuted as adults, and join the military, which includes risking one s life, yet one can’t have a beer with their parent or friends. The legal drinking age should be lowered to 18, Once 18; a person is legally considered an adult and therefore should be able to drink. Lowering the drinking age will not only give 18-year-olds the rights andShow MoreRelatedThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered973 Words   |  4 Pages The Legal Age for Drinking Alcohol Should Not Be Lowered To 18 In the United States. Every state has the right to set its own legal drinking age. However, according to George Will in an article he wrote in the Washington Post about the legal drinking age, â€Å"drinking age paradox† â€Å"lowering the drinking age will cost the state ten percent of its federal highway funds and cause a significant uproar from contractors and construction unions.† It is therefore in the best interest of every citizenRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe definition of the word adult is: â€Å"a person who has attained the age of maturity as specified by law†(Dictionary.com). If this is so, then why is it that in the United States 18 year olds are legally considered adults in our society, but they can’t legally buy or consume alcohol? Yet at this age they are able to vote in an election, get married, serve on a jury, live on their own, purchase cigarettes, adopt a child, and defend our country. These are not easy tasks for one to take on, yet our governmentRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered955 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States of America, the National Government requires the states to enforce a legal drinking age of twenty-one. Where as the world average drinking age is eighteen, and in some Countries it is even lower where it is possible to get a beer at sixteen years of age. Taking that into consideration, there is a great deal of controversy in the United States on what the legal age should be to purchase and consume an alcoholic beverage. The largest issue being that you are considered to be anRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1170 Words   |  5 PagesFor a majority of the 20th century, the United States drinking age has been a big issue. After prohibition had concluded in 1933, twenty- one was the new legal drinking age. Meanwhile, during the Vietnam War, eighteen became the new legal drinking age. Finally in 1984, Congress pa ssed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act (MLDA). Since then, twenty-one years old has been the legal age to drink in the United States. There are several ways alcohol has been a reason for death such as, alcohol poisoningRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1553 Words   |  7 Pagesold male who lives in Oregon. To celebrate his 18th birthday, he decided to go out with some friends and have a few drinks. He knows that the legal drinking age is 21, but he thinks what is the harm? I am 18 and in other countries, you are allowed to drink before you turn 21. Later that night as John gets in the car with his friends after a few hours of drinking, everything seems to be going well as they are driving down the freeway on their way over to his friend Dan’s house that is just a few milesRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered1117 Words   |  5 Pagesto the legal age of alcohol consumption have been going on for many years. While some feel that 21 should remain as the legal minimum consumption age, others disagree. By examining different aspects of alcohol consumption such as social motives and health related concerns one is more able to fully grasp the role that alcohol plays in our society. Through research and analyzation one can come to the conclusion that a lowered legal drinking age is not the answer. The legal drinking age should not beRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, the legal drinking age is twenty-one. In all fifty states, however, there are exceptions for underaged drinking at home, under adult supervision, or for medical purposes (â€Å"Drinking Age†). Overall, the legal opportunities for any person under twenty-one to legally drink alcohol are very scarce. There are many different points, made by people from both sides of the issue about whether or not to lower the drinking age to eighteen, or leave it where it currently stands at twenty-oneRe ad MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered988 Words   |  4 PagesThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered There are copious amounts of people who believe that the legal drinking age should be lowered to eighteen. Others think the drinking age needs to remain the same. A few of those also conclude the legal age of adulthood should be raised to 21. The belief is if the adolescent brain has not matured enough to support alcohol use by age 21, it cannot make the responsible decisions required at 18 years of age. Voters should make the decision toRead MoreLegal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered2099 Words   |  9 Pages friends, and the feeling of being invincible. Although there are a legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age in various countries, it is easily accessible to those who are underage. Alcohol is a monitored and controlled substance that can be purchased legally, yet there are many concerns that surround the substance. There are pros, cons, and different patterns regarding alcohol and the legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age. As a result of alcohol use, there have been many fatalities and injuriesRead MoreShould the Legal Drinking Age Be Lowered?2541 Words   |  11 Pagesabysmal failure. It hasnt reduced or eliminated drinking. It has simply driven it underground, behind closed doors, into the most risky and least manageable of settings,(Debate) said John McCardell of â€Å"Choose Responsibility†. Choose Responsibility is a non-profit organization that is for lowering the drinking age to 18. Young adults can vote, fight and die for their country overseas, and purchase tobacco at age 18, but why cannot they have a beer? Drinking among the youth in the United States has escalated

Embryonic And Adult Stem Cell Research - 2165 Words

Another milestone in science has been reached: the discovery of stem cells in the 19th Century. Stem cells have the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009). According to the National Institutes of Health, embryonic stem cells derive from four to five day old embryos, also known as blastocyst, that have been fertilized in vitro and donated to research purposes with informed consent from the donors. Adult embryonic stem cells are found in differentiated cells in a tissue or organ. The main purpose of these cells is to repair the damaged tissue in which they are found. Since this discovery, there has been controversy over whether embryonic and adult stem cell research should be federally funded, and the ethics involved. Stem cell research has evolved ever since stem cells were first discovered. During the 1900s, stem cell research reached a new horizon. In 1978, stem cells were discove red in human cord blood. Because of this breakthrough, they were then able to use the cord blood to treat cancer or genetic blood diseases (EuroStemCell, 2012). In 1981, the first in vitro stem cell line was developed from mice. This slowly progressed to hamsters in 1988 and primates in 1995 (Murnaghan, 2016). These key events helped today’s scientists start many research studies. These research studies have brought forth numerous leads on different cures and treatments for diseases. If federalShow MoreRelatedEmbryonic And Adult Stem Cell Research Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pages but he is unaware that the type of sickle cell disease from which he is suffering can be cured using stem cells. Scientists have recorded two types of stem cells – embryonic and adult. Stem cells can be retrieved not only from embryos, but also umbilical cords, the placenta, amniotic fluid, and adult tissues and organs (â€Å"Stem Cells,† 2011, p.12). Stem cell research is only a small part of a much larger field of regenerative medicine that includes cell-based therapies, gene technology, and tissueRead MoreAdult Stem Cells Vs. Embryonic Stem Cell Research1108 Words   |  5 Pages4/4/16 Adult Stem Cells vs. Embryonic Stem Cells â€Å"The unspecialized cells are differentiated cells created are known as stem cells† (Miller Ph.D., Levine Ph.D., 2012). Embryonic and Adult stem cells are the only types of stem cells. Stem cell research shows a good deal of promise in the aiding of curing diseases. Both embryonic and adult stem cells show promise in curing diseases, but it is unclear which type of stem cell is more effective. The human embryo for embryonic stem cell research requiresRead More Embryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesEmbryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research With the advent of a wide variety of scientific advances in the medical field, especially those improvements in health-related fields, the quality of life for the earth’s inhabitants has improved greatly over the past century. Scientists continue to improve upon current knowledge and expand the field of medicine. Over the past few years, scientists have performed significant research pertaining to the study of stem cells. Many researchers see potentialRead More Embryonic vs. Adult Stem Cells in Research Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic vs. Adult Stem Cells in Research    Why is the mainstream media significantly downplaying exciting scientific discoveries with adult stem cells? This essay hopes to adequately answer that question. Heres the scoop: As originally reported late last year in the medical journal Blood, Dr. Catherine M. Verfaillie and other researchers at the Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, have discovered a way to coax an adult cell found in the bone marrow to exhibit many of the attributesRead MoreEmbryonic Of Stem Cell Research Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Francois Rabelais, the famous Renaissance humanist, once said, â€Å"Science without conscience is the death of the soul† (Rabelais, Francois). Since the late 1960’s, this has been the stance for opponents of embryonic stem cell research. This is saying, if we are willing to take a fertilized embryo and kill it before it has even had time to develop, where is our conscience, our heart? We consider this form of stem cell research to be immoral and unethical. ScientistsRead MoreIs Stem Cell Research Ethical?1252 Words   |  6 Pages Is Stem Cell Research Ethical? The question that has been asked so many times, is stem cell research ethical? To argue ethics over this topic, one must first know what a stem cell is.Stem Cells are â€Å"cells with the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells† (Stem Cell Basics: Introduction). The National Institutes of Health say that stem cells are distinguished for two different reasons. The first is â€Å"they are unspecialized cells capable of renewingRead MoreBiomedical Engineering: Stem Cells Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesadvances and research that stem from biomedical engineers can solve problems that would have never have been able to be solved before. Engineers have been working on new technology that will utilize stem cells in order to save lives and treat diseases. The stem cells that are used for treatment are called embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are formed from five-day old human embryos that the embryos are essentially hum an beings (In Stem-cell Research† Para. 3). The usage of such stem cells has causedRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells: The Cure for Uncontrollable Diseases of the Past1246 Words   |  5 PagesGehrig’s disease, Sickle Cell Anemia, Alzheimer’s. This world is plague by countless diseases and there existed a time where, after many failed research attempts, scientists began to believe that people would always suffer from these diseases. However, with the introduction of stem cell research those past notions were dismissed. Upon their introduction, stem cell’s provided a new hope to the world and it proved itself to be an invaluable asset. Through stem cell research, a multitude of cures haveRead More Stem Cell Research Essay example988 Words   |  4 PagesStem Cell Research Stem cells are a large focus of study in todays biomedical world. Stem cell research offers the hope of transplants being done without the sacrifice of another person losing an organ. There are many different pros and cons when it comes to discussing the use of stem cells. In order to develop an opinion of whether or not stem cells should be used, one must first understand what they are and how they are used. ?Stem cells have the remarkable potential to developRead MoreStem Cells And Stem Cell Research1477 Words   |  6 Pagessociety is that of stem cells. Stem cells are the cells in the early human developmental stage that form to be any type of cell. Not only do these cells have the ability to transform, but they also act as the body’s repair system. With this knowledge, the scientific community has used these traits to help cure diseases and even save lives. However, there is a problem using stem cells for research. There are two kinds of stem cells that exist, Somatic stem cells and embryonic stem cells. The first

response Essay Example For Students

response Essay Imagine killing your father and sleeping with your mother! This is what Oedipus did! Even though I read this story many times I am still shocked when I read the part of how Oedipus fulfilled his prophecy.It makes me tingle inside! I still cant believe that Jocasta did not know that she married her son! In the end when Jocasta committed suicide and Oedipus blinded himself I thought that by doing that it was the only way that Jocasta and Oedipus can be at peace again. Dramatic irony played a major role in this play. The only way to get rid of the plague is to punish the murderer and Oedipus wants to punish the murderer but he does not know that he killed Laos himself. He does not find out until the end of the play that he is the murderer. After Teiresias tells Oedipus the truth, Oedipus mocks Teiresias blindness when in fact Oedipus is the on that is blind. Oedipus still did not know the he was the murderer after he was told. There is one thing that I still do not understand. How does the reader know that the characters in the story angered the gods? Even the characters in the story do not know the faith that the gods intend for them. The way I see it is that the gods really intended for the Shepard to feel sorry for Oedipus and to give him away to another Shepard far away. I also think that Oedipus running away from home was part of the gods plan because that was probably the only way that Oedipus would fulfill the prophecy. I dont think that the gods did all of this because they were mad at all. Thats probably how it was suppose to happen, its just that the reader was not expecting that to happen.

The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report Essay Example For Students

The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report Essay The Diary of Anne Frank is about a girl that kept a diary while hiding from Nazis in Amsterdam for two years. The diary ends when the Nazis found her and her family. Her whole family was killed in exception for her father. She was given the journal on her thirteenth birthday. She simply summarized her life for two years in this phenomenal journal. This journal was found after she was killed. The book was published in 1947. Twenty-five million copies were sold and it was written in fifty-four languages. Basically there have been a lot of reviews on this literary work. Many people have had a great deal of criticism over the Diary of Anne Frank. From great authors to simple students, all have had their own perspective and view on this everlasting and most memorable book. We will write a custom essay on The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This truly shows how the Diary of Anne Frank is one of the most widely read books in the world. Anne Franks diary was probably the first work that people actually got too see what the Holocaust was all about. Certainly it must be the best book for the subject. The diary brings together her childhood and then only known surviving footage of Anne Frank. This is a great way to describe a portrait of Annes life, character flaws, and everything else. In order to enjoy this piece of literary work, you must first learn the importance on Jewish culture. This work is like no other of any Holocaust books. This is actually a way to experience the painful experience the Jewish people had to endure during this awful and evil period of time. This story takes us into the eyes of Anne Frank. The Holocaust in literally brought to life. This literary work truly shows how Anne Frank was a martyr of racism and an insightful chronicler of her time period and place. The work also shows the typical adolescence of Anne Frank and her constant arguments with her mother in particular. It also deals with the day to day hiding she and her family went through. The only problem with the book is that the fact that Anne Frank rewrote her diary about two months before she was captured because she wanted her journal to be published after the war and she wanted to peruse a career in journalism. Therefore it is hard to tell what existed in her original copy and how much did she add afterwards. This tells us that we will never know how much knowledge Anne Frank possessed. It is not the information that should be questioned, but the chronology. Anne Franks diary is an invaluable historical account. The book shows no detail on what was re-written, maybe because the information is not available. The answer to the question of whether or not Anne Franks Diary is a reasonable assessment is no because certain excerpts were taken beforehand.Review By Carrie Gorringe,Review. She meant to say that the Diary of Anne Frank was a good way to experience the Holocaust but at the same time there is a lot of missing information. She is trying to say that there must be critical facts that are not shown in the book due to that fact that it was rewritten shortly before her death and the fact that it was translated into different languages. She reviews it as a great source of actually living the Holocaust through the eyes of Anne Frank but also to be in tuned that perhaps a lot of information is simply just not there. This critic tried to say that without the missing evidence, there is a lot of knowledge we are missing. She explains how without this knowledge one cannot truly see everything the young girl, Anne Frank, saw throughout this dreadful time of the Holocaust. The reviewer tells us that there are too many missing links which the editors of the diary are maybe trying to hide or maybe everything just simply never found. .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .postImageUrl , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:hover , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:visited , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:active { border:0!important; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:active , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Ski Boots - A Learning Experience Essay The saddest part in the Diary of Anne Frank is the part where the book talks about how Anne Frank talked to her friend Hanneli Goslar across a barb-wired barrier at the Bergen Belsen concentration camp shortly before her death. This book achieves much of its greatness through the specific details it brings out. In my opinion she re-wrote her diary with posterity in her mind. The literary work follows with the familys destruction. The diary is seen as dreadful. The works most forceful source was the testament of the power of understandment.-Stephen Holden, review. This critic was trying to give a lot of recognition to . The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report Essay Example For Students The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report Essay The Diary of Anne Frank is about a girl that kept a diary while hiding from Nazis in Amsterdam for two years. The diary ends when the Nazis found her and her family. Her whole family was killed in exception for her father. She was given the journal on her thirteenth birthday. She simply summarized her life for two years in this phenomenal journal. This journal was found after she was killed. The book was published in 1947. Twenty-five million copies were sold and it was written in fifty-four languages. Basically there have been a lot of reviews on this literary work. Many people have had a great deal of criticism over the Diary of Anne Frank. From great authors to simple students, all have had their own perspective and view on this everlasting and most memorable book. We will write a custom essay on The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This truly shows how the Diary of Anne Frank is one of the most widely read books in the world. Anne Franks diary was probably the first work that people actually got too see what the Holocaust was all about. Certainly it must be the best book for the subject. The diary brings together her childhood and then only known surviving footage of Anne Frank. This is a great way to describe a portrait of Annes life, character flaws, and everything else. In order to enjoy this piece of literary work, you must first learn the importance on Jewish culture. This work is like no other of any Holocaust books. This is actually a way to experience the painful experience the Jewish people had to endure during this awful and evil period of time. This story takes us into the eyes of Anne Frank. The Holocaust in literally brought to life. This literary work truly shows how Anne Frank was a martyr of racism and an insightful chronicler of her time period and place. The work also shows the typical adolescence of Anne Frank and her constant arguments with her mother in particular. It also deals with the day to day hiding she and her family went through. The only problem with the book is that the fact that Anne Frank rewrote her diary about two months before she was captured because she wanted her journal to be published after the war and she wanted to peruse a career in journalism. Therefore it is hard to tell what existed in her original copy and how much did she add afterwards. This tells us that we will never know how much knowledge Anne Frank possessed. It is not the information that should be questioned, but the chronology. Anne Franks diary is an invaluable historical account. The book shows no detail on what was re-written, maybe because the information is not available. The answer to the question of whether or not Anne Franks Diary is a reasonable assessment is no because certain excerpts were taken beforehand.Review By Carrie Gorringe,Review. She meant to say that the Diary of Anne Frank was a good way to experience the Holocaust but at the same time there is a lot of missing information. She is trying to say that there must be critical facts that are not shown in the book due to that fact that it was rewritten shortly before her death and the fact that it was translated into different languages. She reviews it as a great source of actually living the Holocaust through the eyes of Anne Frank but also to be in tuned that perhaps a lot of information is simply just not there. This critic tried to say that without the missing evidence, there is a lot of knowledge we are missing. She explains how without this knowledge one cannot truly see everything the young girl, Anne Frank, saw throughout this dreadful time of the Holocaust. The reviewer tells us that there are too many missing links which the editors of the diary are maybe trying to hide or maybe everything just simply never found. .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .postImageUrl , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:hover , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:visited , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:active { border:0!important; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:active , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ancient Greek Civilisation Essay The saddest part in the Diary of Anne Frank is the part where the book talks about how Anne Frank talked to her friend Hanneli Goslar across a barb-wired barrier at the Bergen Belsen concentration camp shortly before her death. This book achieves much of its greatness through the specific details it brings out. In my opinion she re-wrote her diary with posterity in her mind. The literary work follows with the familys destruction. The diary is seen as dreadful. The works most forceful source was the testament of the power of understandment.-Stephen Holden, review. This critic was trying to give a lot of recognition .

Cómo Corregir Errores en el Formulario de Visa DS-160

Cà ³mo Corregir Errores en el Formulario de Visa DS-160  ¿Por Quà © Es Importante Corregir los Errores? El DS-160 es el formulario  electrà ³nico  que se utiliza para solicitar o renovar las  visas de no inmigrante (turista, estudiante, intercambio, trabajo temporal, etc). Todo lo que ahà ­ se declara debe ser cierto y mentir se considera un fraude de ley; en consecuencia cualquier error de informacià ³n debe ser corregido apenas se caiga en la cuenta del error, antes y/o despuà ©s de haber enviado el formulario. No corregir los errores puede demorar el proceso de la visa hasta que se llene de nuevo un formulario, o simplemente puede generar un rechazo en la aplicacià ³n. Ambos casos son pà ©rdidas de tiempo y dinero. Cà ³mo Corregir los Errores en el Formulario DS-160 Los errores se pueden corregir fcilmente antes de enviar la planilla: Coloque el cursor del ratà ³n (mouse) sobre la respuesta que hay que modificar y oprima la opcià ³n edit para cambiarla. Luego oprima save para actualizar la respuesta. En el caso en el que el formulario ya se haya enviado hay dos opciones: Busque en su disco duro si tiene la versià ³n del formulario que ya ha enviado. Si este es el caso, abra el archivo y busque el enlace al DS-160 en internet. Oprima la opcià ³n de upload a previous application, y clique edit para cambiar la respuesta necesaria. Una vez hecho el cambio oprima save para actualizar. Si no tiene grabada la versià ³n que ya ha enviado debe llenar nuevamente, y con mucho cuidado, el formulario, cerciorndose de que todas las respuestas sean verà ­dicas. Errores Ms Graves en el DS-160   Se consideran errores particularmente graves los que dan informacià ³n falsa o inexacta acerca de: Viajes anteriores a Estados Unidos.Rechazo de una solicitud previa para una visa.Arrestos o condenas tanto en Estados Unidos como en otros paà ­ses.Problemas con una autoridad de los Estados Unidos.Falsedad acerca de familiares en Estados Unidos o familiares de nacionalidad estadounidenses. En este punto hay que prestar especial atencià ³n a los padres de nià ±os nacidos en Estados Unidos (el oficial de visas puede pedir facturas hospitalarias de dà ³nde nacià ³ el bebà © para cerciorarse de que no se hayan generado gastos a Medicaid). Consideraciones Generales Para Solicitar la Visa Antes de pedir la visa considere si usted es inelegible o inadmisible y evite que su solicitud sea rechazada. En el primer caso se considera inelegible a la persona que no ha podido demostrar suficientes recursos econà ³micos o lazos familiares y/o de trabajo en el lugar de residencia fuera de Estados Unidos. En el segundo caso, se considera inadmisible a una persona que ha estado previamente en condicià ³n de ilegal en Estados Unidos. Si usted est en proceso de recibir una green card, no solicite visa de turismo porque lo ms probable es que le sea negada. Consejos Para Conservar la Visa Aprobada Una vez su visa es aprobada aconsejamos: Tomar este test de respuestas mà ºltiples para repasar la informacià ³n bsica acerca de la visa de turismo.Conocer las 10 causas ms frecuentes por las que las visas se cancelan. Ser prudente con la frecuencia de los ingresos a los Estados Unidos. Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo y no pretende ser es asesorà ­a legal.

Giant Water Bugs, Family Belostomatidae

Giant Water Bugs, Family Belostomatidae Theres a reason members of the family Belostomatidae are called giants. The giant water bugs include the biggest insects in their entire order. North American species can reach 2.5 inches long, but the size record for this family belongs to a South American species that measures a full 4 inches in length at maturity. These hulking Hemipterans lurk below the surface of ponds and lakes, where theyre known to nip at the toes of unsuspecting waders. What Do Giant Water Bugs Look Like? Giant water bugs go by a number of different nicknames. Theyre called toe biters for their habit of sampling peoples feet (which, as you might imagine, is a startling and painful experience). Some call them electric light bugs, because as adults these winged behemoths can and do fly, and will show up around porch lights during mating season. Others call them fish killers. In Florida, people sometimes call them alligator ticks. No matter the nickname, theyre big and they bite. Members of the family of giant water bugs shares certain morphological traits. Their bodies are oval and elongate in shape, and appear flattened. They have raptorial front legs, made for grasping prey, with thick femora. Giant water bugs have short heads, and even shorter antennae, which are tucked beneath the eyes. A beak, or rostrum, folds under the head, just as in terrestrial true bugs, like assassin bugs. They breathe by means of two small appendages at the end of the abdomen, which function like siphons. How Are Giant Water Bugs Classified? Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – HemipteraFamily - Belostomatidae What Do Giant Water Bugs Eat? A giant water bug eats just what you would expect a large, predaceous, aquatic insect to eat: other insects, tadpoles, small fish, and snails. Theyll eat whatever they can catch, and they dont concern themselves with finding small prey.  Giant water bugs can overpower critters several times their size with their strong, grasping forelegs. According to some sources, giant water bugs have even been known to capture and consume small birds. Like all true bugs, giant water bugs have piercing, sucking mouthparts. They pierce their prey, inject them with strong digestive enzymes, and then suck up the pre-digested bits. The Life Cycle of Giant Water Bugs Giant water bugs undergo incomplete metamorphosis, just as all true bugs do. The young eclose (emerge from their eggs) looking much like miniature versions of their parents. The nymphs are entirely aquatic. They  molt and grow several times until they reach adulthood and sexual maturity. Interesting Behaviors of Giant Water Bugs Perhaps the most fascinating thing about giant water bugs is the way they care for their offspring. In some genera (Belostoma and Abedus), the female deposits her eggs on her mates back. The male giant water bug is tasked with caring for the eggs until they hatch in 1-2 weeks. During this time, he protects them from predators, and regularly brings them to the surface for oxygen. He will also move to stir up the water around his body, keeping it oxygenated. In other species (genus Lethocerus), the mated female deposits her eggs on aquatic vegetation, above the water line. But males still play a role in their care. The male will usually stay submerged near the plants stem, and will periodically climb out of the water and wet the eggs with water from his body. Giant water bugs are also known to play dead when threatened, a behavior is known as thanatosis. If you happen to scoop up a giant water bug in a dip net while exploring your local pond, dont be fooled! That dead water bug might just wake up and bite you. Where Do Giant Water Bugs Live? Giant water bugs number about 160 species worldwide, but only 19 species inhabit the U.S. and Canada. Throughout their range, giant water bugs live in ponds, lakes, and even drainage ditches. Sources: Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Guide to Aquatic Insects and Crustaceans, Izaak Walton League of America.Belostomatidae, University of California-Riverside. Accessed February 21, 2013.Giant Water Bugs, Electric Light Bugs, Lethocerus, Abedus, Belostoma (Insecta: Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), by Paul M. Choate, University of Florida Extension. Accessed online February 21, 2013.Giant Water Bugs, Electric Light Bugs, University of Florida. Accessed February 21, 2013.Family Belostomatidae - Giant Water Bugs, BugGuide.Net. Accessed February 21, 2013.Giant Water Bug Parents, The Dragonfly Woman. Accessed February 21, 2013.

PERSONAL LETTER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PERSONAL LETTER - Essay Example The entertainment and communication field is not something that I am unfamiliar with since I grew up exposed to the various facets of the field as my mother worked as an editor. I have always dreamed of completing higher studies in this field because of my mothers inspiration. This dream has a solid basis in my internship at Phoenix Satellite Television where I learned the intricacies of film editing and how it applies to the concept of program production. The SI program and internship will only last for one semester and will offer me the opportunity to put my Economics class theories into practice as I work in the highly competitive and notable entertainment offices in Los Angeles. By doing so, I will be able to further hone both my Economics know how and communication ability. After having spoken to my Economics course adviser, I have discovered that it would be highly possible to merge my current studies in economics and the entertainment courses I shall be taking online by seekin g an internship in the accounting or finance departments of music, television, or movie studios. I consider the opportunity to apply for acceptance at SI to be the perfect opportunity to merge my two highly different fields of interest into one. This is a once in a lifetime opportunity that anybody who has the same interests as I would not dare to pass up. I am highly confident that I shall return to our College of Economics a much more rounded and better skilled person because of the opportunities the program offers that are not readily available to simple Economics students. Part of my plan upon my return to our college is to share my new found knowledge and experience with my classmates so that they too may benefit from my more advanced and intricate studies of Economics and Communication in real world applications. Thank you for taking the time to read my

International law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International law - Essay Example 2002). Under the principle of restrictive sovereign immunity, states will only be immune from suit if it is exercising government functions but not when it is doing private acts or entering into commercial transactions (Tunks M. 2002). When the immunity of the state from suit is restricted, the immunity of its officials is also restricted. Accordingly, there are three distinct principles that involve the idea of the immunity of the head of state and other government officials who are visiting other countries like the United States. These three principles are the state sovereign immunity principle, the diplomatic immunity principle and the head of state immunity principle (Tunks 2002). The origins of the principle of head-of-state immunity derives from the idea that the state and its rulers are one and the same ( Mallory J. 1986). As the alter ego of the state, the state officials are therefore accorded with some degree of immunity which, like that of the immunity of the state itself, is subject to restrictions. Although there are some decided cases involving the immunity of state officials from prosecution for international offences, this area had remain gray for most part. If we take a closer look at the laws and treaties governing the United States and its visiting foreign state officials, there has not really been a clear cut policy of government on the extent of the immunity enjoyed by state officials form prosecution for international offences (Bederman D. 2001). We shall discuss this principle more thoroughly in the later part of the paper. On the other hand, diplomatic immunity is anchored on the principle that diplomats are representatives of their country and that without such immunity; they will not be able to carry out property their official functions. Under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, the purpose of diplomatic immunity was clearly

Data on Fixed Line vs. Cellular Debate Essay Example for Free

Data on Fixed Line vs. Cellular Debate Essay Most wireline phone companies charge more than what youd pay for most alternatives, and some are taxed more as well. There are some locations where getting new wired phone service is prohibitively expensive or even impossible. Long Distance and extra features like Call Waiting are normally included with alternative phones. More Features: Cellular and broadband phones normally include Long Distance, Voice Mail, Caller ID, Call Forwarding and more, usually at no additional charge. They also have Text Messaging and various forms of data service which are unavailable with a landline. Portability: If you move your home more than average (or if its on wheels), your phone and your number can stay with you. There are no installation charges. Temporary Usage: You can have phone service for the season in a vacation home or cabin, or on an extended stay at a hotel or home of a friend or relative without installing a separate line. Internet Access: Your wireless phone can also be your connection to the Internet, either with an internal browser or tethered to your computer, and available wherever there is cellular coverage. Wireless broadband is also available separate from your cellular account. Wi-Fi for Multiple Devices: You can get a cellular modem that provides a wi-fi signal that can connect to up to 5 separate wi-fi devices. Cons: Reliability: Wired telephone services have come as close to 100% reliable as is practical. Their network has substantial power backup, redundant circuits and years to get it right. Alternatives are improving but their networks can vary significantly. Cell sites and other communications nodes have a limited amount of backup power. In an extended power outage, such as after a hurricane or snowstorm, the service may not work, leaving you with no service. Corded phones work in power failures. Cable phones also have a lower level of reliability. Sound Quality: Some alternative phones dont sound the same or as good as a landline. While your alternative phone may sound fine to you, it may be difficult for others. Also, some broadband phone services just dump their audio into the Internet resulting in widely varying data travel times giving you significant sound delays. Lack of Service: You may be in a location where there are no wireless broadband alternatives or may have poor cellular coverage. This might be rectified by adding a cell site to your home. Broadband Speeds: While there are some fairly fast wireless broadband connections, it may be some time before they will compare to wired or cable connections. Malfunctions: Cell sites can stop working for various reasons. Repairs often need to be made on site and may take time. Broadband services require one or more pieces of equipment at your house which you will need to fix if it fails. Wireline equipment can normally be repaired at the central office. Murphys Law says breakdowns will happen at the worst possible time. You Have No Backup: Unless you have an extra cellular phone, if something happens to your main phone or its associated equipment, or your account, you cant just plug another phone into the wall. Inconvenience: Some alternative services only offer a single jack for one phone. If you want service throughout the house you either must go wi-fi or cellular. Otherwise, plan on using the phone near your computer or router. With a cell phone you need to keep it close to you if your home is large or on multiple floors. (The Unwired Home) There are companies that offer the best of both worlds of fixed line and cellular communications. These are just some of the included services offered by the number 1 provider; 1. Price If you plan to use Skype just for calling other Skype users, then it’s free you can even have a small online meeting. Skype also lets you video conference with another person using the free plan. The only drawback is that you cant have a larger video conference on the free plan, as you can only hold a video call with one user at a time. There are no monthly fees to pay, unless you’ve chosen a monthly plan. You can also save on your phone bill by inviting other people who you need to call often to join Skype too. If you prefer to call on a landline or cell phone, you have the option to choose a pay-as-you-go plan, which charges a small amount for these kinds of calls if you call international numbers often, using Skype could work out cheaper than using your office phone. 2. Ease of Use Skype is very easy to install, set-up and begin using. It has a really user-friendly interface that anyone, regardless of their level of tech knowledge, can learn to use. Adding new contacts, sending instant messages and placing calls are all done with the click of a button. It’s also very easy to know if Skype was set up correctly, as the tool has a test call number where users can check if their audio and microphone are working properly. This is great, as there is no guessing whether Skype was installed correctly or not. 3. It is where you are With a number of Skype versions available, you can use it anywhere, from virtually any device. Whether you’re on your office computer, laptop, tablet computer, or smartphone, you can have Skype with you and make free or cheap phone calls from anywhere in the world. This is especially handy if you need to be out and about often for your job, as you can still hold your regular calls from wherever you are via Skype, as long as you’re connected to the Internet. There’s no need to postpone calls just because you’re away from your desk. This is a huge benefit for small businesses as there usually isnt a large number of staff available to take or make important calls at all times. 4. Reliability In the early VoIP days, call quality was bad and calls got dropped often. This kind of technology wasn’t an option for businesses as not only it was very annoying to have calls drop all the time, but it was unprofessional to choose such bad quality services. However, VoIP has improved greatly since then and Skype is very reliable. As long as your Internet connection is stable, you can expect your call won’t get dropped. Furthermore, if the Internet connection is bad for any of the parties, Skype will inform users of that, so they know that the call might get dropped. Skype also encourages users to rate their calls when they’re done, and Skype is continuously improving the reliability of the service. 5. Call quality As a small business, it’s important to choose inexpensive services that are of high quality this is where Skype really delivers. Calls both to other Skype users and landlines are crystal clear, so long as the caller has a good headset with a high quality microphone. Calls to landlines and cell phones get connected quickly, and don’t usually suffer from problems such as echoing or words getting cut off. For the most part, it’s as if users are talking to someone just next to them. And whats better than that for establishing strong and long-lasting business relationships? (Warren)

Resistance coursework - some useful things :: essays research papers

Resistance Coursework Planning: Aim Investigate how the length of a wire affects the current and resistance of a wire. Variables The variables that could change resistance are: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Length of the wire †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cross section area (thickness) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Changing materials †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Changing temperatures The variable I am going to change in my experiment is the length of the wire. Prediction and Hypothesis I think as you increase the length of the Constantan wire, you also increase the amount of resistance. The current is the flow of electrons; the current is dependent on the amount of voltage, which is applied. Voltage is the push given to the current. The current has to go through a circuit, which contains resistance so if you increase that push you also increase the flow of the current. All materials have a slight resistance to electricity factors affecting the resistance are: Length, Voltage & Temperature and Surface Area. Preliminary Work Changing only the length of the wire Length  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voltage (V)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Current (A)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resistance () Short  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.45  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.26  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20.96 Long  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.56  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.24  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  23.16 Longest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.58  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.19  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  29.36 Conclusion: the longer the wire, the higher the resistance Changing only the cross section area of the wire Thickness  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voltage (V)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Current (A)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resistance () Single  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.73  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.45  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.26 Double  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.44  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.98  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.24 Triple  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.34  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.07  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.09 Conclusion: the thicker the wire, the lower the resistance Changing Materials Material  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voltage (V)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Current (A)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resistance () Constantan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.51  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.48  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11.47 Aluminium  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.82  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8.63  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.21 Conclusion: different materials conduct electricity better Changing Temperatures Temperature  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voltage (V)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Current (A)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resistance () Cold  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.27  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6.72  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.34 Hot  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.62  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.37 Conclusion I came to a conclusion that the decrease in current is the increase in resistance this is because the current although less of it they collide with the resistance causing a decrease in the output voltage. List of equipment and circuit diagram †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Power pack †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 connecting leads †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Push switch †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 crocodile clips †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wire (constantan) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voltmeter †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ammeter †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Meter sticks Circuit diagram: Analysing: As the length increased so did the resistance. This is because in a longer piece of wire the electrons have to push past more ions. The electrons have a negative charge and the ions have a positive charge. So energy is needed to keep the electrons flowing.

The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives

For most parts of history, government financial executives have been taken as scorekeepers, and made responsible for collecting, processing and reporting the financial information that used by elected officials and senior managers who use them in making their decisions. The question is whether their role has now changed with the present importance of information technology. (From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) Now there is increasing evidence of the importance that information technology is getting in public administration and this is resulting in more and more insistence from the public that government financial executives have a greater say in all decision making activities of the government. The finance executives are now the individuals to lead the charge for getting an entrepreneurial type of government and have it judged based on its performance. For most of the finance executives now, the changes are leading to redesigning of entire processes related to finance, introducing best practices for financial management, improving and integrating financial management with other information management and in certain cases even shifting the responsibility of all financial operations to outsiders. The trend is now to change finance functions in a manner that control functions for financial expenditures are built into non-financial processes so that the non-financial manager also has to take up responsibility for the activities. From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) This provides a lot more freedom to the finance experts to use their expertise for the purpose of finance. The attempt here is not to demean the traditional duties of government financial executives, as it is always important to comply with accounting and financial reporting that is required, make correct cash reconciliation and process all financial transactions in time. Yet, these activities were generally thought to be only the regular duties of the finance executives. (From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) There are also finance officers at different levels and the state or provincial level executives who are the link to the local finance officers from the top. They meet rarely – generally once a year during annual conferences of some type or the other. The importance of these executives is in the fact that they represent their association at official ceremonies. (State and provincial representatives (Profiling GFOA)) The importance of financial officers is being increasingly recognized and in the preface to the GAAFR 2005, which is the set of guidelines to be followed. There are the summarization and specific revisions as also updates of the text of the 2001 edition: there is addition of all the amendments that were earlier included in the GAAFR Update supplement; there has been addition of new material which are connected to the GASB statements from 39 through 45; there has been addition of new material based on the guidance that had been given in the comprehensive implementation guide as given in the GASB 2004; that included a guidance that was given for the first time in relation to GASB statement 40; there was addition of a new section related directly to all school district issues; there was reworking of a significant number of chapters; the set of references to original material was increased to a large extent so that research on the subject could become easier; an expanded and revised glossary and a redesigned index. (Making the most of the New Blue Book) Thus the importance of the finance executives in operation of the government is certain ly realized and steps are being taken to help them in operation of their functions. This is because of the present importance of the functions of the finance executives which helps the government in various ways like helping operation managers develop the financial parts of business cases and proposals for new or expanded services; leading efforts to reposition and increase the funding sources which have not been appropriated like fees, rents, royalties and franchises; provide guidance for financing new and original ventures like setting up of revolving funds, getting into public and private partnerships, or even setting up of fee for service arrangements; help performance based management; to activate a level playing field for the competition between government and the private sector. From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) Sometimes the finance executives are placed in situations beyond their capability and these results in many problems. One of the instances when this sort of event occurs is in situations when the elected person leaves it to the finance person to manage the affairs in even the small cities. Even they have become multi-million dollar enterprises today. The elected person may have been a merchant, homemaker, lawyer, community activist or anything else, but in general they have little understanding of public finance. This makes them rely on the administrators or auditors that they have in their organization. This is what happened in Orange County, California and the faulty investment strategy of the treasurer led to losses for the county of well over a billion dollars. The budget that is presented may be balanced, but that does not mean that the collection and disbursement of money is in proper order. (Guarding the Public Checkbook) In certain cases, for balancing the budget, easy methods are adopted; the money is drawn from reserves. This withdrawal can be done only once, yet the city of Miami followed this process for many years as the city had deficit operations and used bond collections to cover it up. The important matter is that the budget be balanced through the use of current revenues only. This can be understood by looking at the general fund balance sheet and the total requirement checked and the collected resources should exceed the requirements. Any management of a public corporation should be adding to the funds and not decreasing the funds by drawing from it. (Guarding the Public Checkbook) This is the primary responsibility of finance executives as they are able to understand financial statements the best. Yet problems of this nature keep on happening and a Senator in United States was shocked to learn that District of Columbia had received an unqualified audit opinion though it had a deficit as high as $700 million. The reply from the audit firm was that the financial statements were presented properly and â€Å"in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles†. Guarding the Public Checkbook) Thus the matter should have been determined by the accounting executives and brought to the notice of the people as it is their funds that are not in order. The job of the leadership is to decide where the body has to be taken, and the finance executives have to determine what is happening to the revenue base, what are the major problems for the body, what are the implications of the changes that have been made, and so on. When the issue of Orange County bankruptcy hit the headlines, the final truth was revealed that both the chief administrator and the treasurer did not know much about finance. This should have been mentioned by them and the decisions left to better qualified individuals. These sorts of problems come up when the recruitment and hiring processes are not correct. Otherwise someone should have realized that it all right to hire individuals who are not financial experts, but every organization must have at least one individual with that capacity. It is clear that elementary oversight must be practiced. In the case of Orange County, supervisor Bill Steiner clearly admitted that he did not know what questions he should have asked, and this finally made him an accomplice in the whole unfortunate affair. It is important that individuals in charge of recruitment develop the knowledge of asking relevant financial questions. Even when the problem was noted, another mess was nearly started when the county thought of using a sales tax increase as their method of getting out of the situation. The county had fallen into a position where it had to decide on privatization, program reduction, asset sales, etc. the county was trying to take a simple way out. It is clear today that the increase in tax was neither intelligent nor needed. The best advice for the county was to file for financial bankruptcy and this was provided by the Board of Supervisor, Thomas Reilly. (Guarding the Public Checkbook) It is clear that finance executives have an important role and they must live up to the expectations of the people who they are serving. However, like all other government officials, even accounting personnel have to provide leadership and one such case was in the disaster recovery effort after the Hurricane Ivan had struck northern Florida. They were a team of six high level managers who are normally accustomed to working in nice offices in a large organization. They had to toil from dawn to dusk in very high temperatures with steamy weather and there was no electricity. There was no fresh water and not a place for them to take a break. They had to do a lot of physical labor and adequate tools were not available. The food was just peanut butter, cheese from a tube, apples, and candy bars – and this was the same food for all three meals. Sleep was in the back of a cramped vehicle and that had no air-conditioning, and go through the same schedule for a few days. Yet in spite of all the difficulties the team were focused on there jobs, with cooperation and high enthusiasm. Yet the reasons why they had come were not due to government duty, but with the purpose of helping a colleague whose home had been badly damaged. (Unlocking the potential of Your Employees) The main story about all this is that the secret of making people work with a will is treating them like trusted and valued adults. They can work the best when there are clear goals and expectations with autonomy, feedback and appreciation. At the same time, it is essential that the leaders also show a certain amount of enthusiasm and human touch. The leaders have to continue working with the same energy and dedication while relinquishing some amount of control and authority. The attitude of the leaders to others must be one of empathy, or fellow feeling. On top of everything, no leader should feel that the leader knows best about all matters, and be ready to apologize when they make mistakes. These are certain behavioral techniques that help in getting the best help from employees. (Unlocking the potential of Your Employees) This appreciation of leadership role is useful to the chief financial officers and finance directors who are no longer being viewed as only scorekeepers but as trusted business advisors and partners. In the private sector, this change has been going on for quite some time, but it has started only recently in the government. This also determines the role of the financial executives and they have to spend most of their time in determining the correct strategic and operating decisions and spend much less time in earlier operations which used to take up a lot of time – like account reconciliation, payment processing and historical financial reporting. This is all being done in the machine, and thus the shift of the emphasis of the finance executive's direction is not requiring extra employment. (From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) As a matter of fact, the size of employees in the finance function will reduce. The change in the role of the finance executive is occurring in all organizations. Considering the development that has taken place over the last few years, it is important for financial executives to strike a balance between their roles as score keeper and adviser. What is meant by balance is that the regular work also has to be finished, and at the same time take up a more important role in organizational development. The results of this change in the government organizations can be seen through improved budgetary processes that are now beginning to link funds allocation to performance achieved, innovative methods to recover administrative costs, and increased use of technology to reduce the need for reconciliation and useless data entry. The help from technology is high in the areas of account reconciliation, payment processing and historical financial reporting. From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) One of the important measures of finance officers in local governments is now performance measures and that is driven by increasing demands from citizens for government accountability, increased interest from local legislators regarding performance related information so that better evaluation can be made of programs as also for resource allocation and the efforts from different organizations and professional associations to make governments targeted to results. The performance measures allow policy makers, managers and the general public find out the effectiveness of government services. The measurement of performance takes into account the resources used, the activities generated by the programs and the final results obtained from the programs and services. However quite a few of the performance measurement activities are limited to only measuring program inputs and outputs. (Performance Measurement) On the other side, correct methods of performance measurement should also talk about the program results. From the side of the government, the Governmental Accounting Standards Board or GASB has been concentrating on performance measurement from the early 1980s. As a result of this concentration, there was a series of research reports called â€Å"Service Efforts and Accomplishments reporting† that was issued for the help of governments in measuring performance. This was followed up in 1994 with the second statement on the same lines. This stated that â€Å"service efforts and accomplishments information – including both financial and non-financial performance measures – is an essential aspect of the measurement of governmental performance and is necessary for assessing accountability and making informed decisions†. (Performance Measurement) It is important for government finance executives to tell the truth and not hide it for presentation purposes. An example is in the case of Oregon where the proportions of adult Oregonians who are smokers are only 20. 7 percent when in the rest of the country the same ratio is 23. 2 percent. Yet, they were not felt to be enough in Oregon as the state had fixed a target of 15 percent to be achieved by 2000 and this was fixed in the year 1989 by the benchmarks program in the state. While fixing the target, the committee was anything but realistic as this sort of non-smoking does not exist in United States. This is a matter that should have been properly discussed at the time of setting up the targets. The targets were set in all areas with direct goals to be reached – in health, education, economic development, environmental policy and so on. (The Problem with promises) The decision was taken that the state government would try to reach these targets within ten years. The decisions for allocation of funds and other matters were then to be made according to the achievements of targets. In one of these instances, the state wanted to reduce the use of drugs among students of the eighth standard to 3 percent from the original figure of 14 percent. Some time later it was realized that the target would not be reached, and then the solution sought for the problem was to change the target to 15 percent from 3 percent. At the end of the period, the proportion of users was 14 percent – the same as at the start of the plan – but it was viewed that the target has been reached. (The Problem with promises) These types of efforts by the accounts officers are just efforts to hide the truth and do not help any part of society. The importance of being truthful has been realized by the National Performance Review and they have stated that â€Å"effective entrepreneurial governments insist on customer satisfaction. They listen carefully to their customers – using surveys and focus groups – and restructure their basic operations to meet customer needs. They use market dynamics such as competition and customer choice to create incentives that drive their employees to put the customer first†. (Linking Quality to Business Planning and Performance Goals in Local Government) The importance of government finance officers are best utilized when they end up providing the truth to the public.

M2 Compare the Effectiveness of Different Teams

Amy Waldock Amy Waldock M2 compare the effectiveness of different teams Clarifying objects in my team we clarified objectives by listening to the team leader and the man in charge of the activities at Blacklands farm and asking him questions about the activities to make sure that everyone fully understood everything.Compared to my team in the bridge building challenge we listened to the team leader and asked questions a lot more so therefore the work done at Blacklands farm was a lot more successful. Agreeing tasks at Blacklands farm we agreed on the tasks by communicating with each team member to get everyone’s point of view to make sure that everyone got a say in to what they thought, by doing this it meant that everyone in the team agreed on the approach to the task.Sometimes someone would disagree with an idea which could cause conflict in the group, we dealt with this by taking a vote and going with what was voted the most. When doing the bridge building challenge becaus e my group only consisted of three people there was less conflict in the group because it was easier for us to agree on the task, it was also easier because we had a team leader so we just went along with what he said.Valuing people valuing people was very important at Blacklands farm because the tasks set were very full on and physically hard so it was essential that every team member was valued as an individual and involved because with tasks such as the spider’s web every bit of help was needed. Even though the bridge building challenge wasn’t as physical it was still very important that each team member was valued equally because the task involved a lot of concentration and tactical skills.Being receptive to feedback at Blacklands farm we did a task that we failed on a number of times so our team leader stopped us and gave us feedback on what we was doing right and what we was doing wrong and what we could do to complete the task more quickly and easily. Me and my team listened to our team leader and were receptive to his feedback and did as he said and to our advantage completed the task.When doing the bridge building challenge we were given feedback on ways of how to complete the challenge more quickly and successfully, unfortunately me and my group did not pay attention to the feedback and therefore our bridge was not completed in time. Maintaining focus maintaining focus at Blacklands farm was important for a lot of the tasks because if focus was lost it could affect the whole team and make a certain task fail, at times it was hard to maintain a focus because of cold weather and muddy conditions.To maintain a focus we pulled together as a group and were motivated by our team leader and team members. It was hard to maintain a focus when doing the bridge building challenge for my group because at times each team member would get frustrated when things weren’t going as planned, we maintained a focus by thinking of the prize that coul d be won to whoevers bridge could hold the most amount of glue sticks.Encouraging other team members to recommend improvements this was important at Blacklands farm because if there was something in the task that wasn’t going to plan it could be changed and improved for the better of the group. When doing the bridge building challenge it wasn’t as important to encourage a team member to recommend improvements because there was only three people in our group and we voted on who should be team leader so we was confident that who we had chosen knew what was right so we went with what they said.Dealing with conflict at Blacklands farm because my team worked very well together so there was hardly any conflict, but if there was conflict we dealt with this by discussing the problem together as a group and then discussing what would be the best approach to the problem and if necessarily to take a vote. If there was any conflict whilst doing the bridge building challenge we de alt with this by letting the matter fall into the team leaders hand and letting them decide the best option for the group, by doing this it avoided more conflict.Communication methods at Blacklands farm we communicated by asking questions to make sure that everything was covered and so that everyone had a good understanding of the task, we also listened to each team member when they spoke to maintain a good communication within the whole team. At times we used body language to communicate with team members by using expressions as thumbs up and thumbs down to indicate yes or no.We also had to use body language in one task where we were asked to get in a line according to birth date but without talking so in this task we used our hands to indicate numbers. Unlike at Blacklands farm when doing the bridge building challenge we weren’t asked to do anything without talking so body language wasn’t as necessary, we still had to constantly ask questions and listen to team memb ers to maintain a good relationship in the team and to make sure that communication was maintained. M2 Compare the Effectiveness of Different Teams Amy Waldock Amy Waldock M2 compare the effectiveness of different teams Clarifying objects in my team we clarified objectives by listening to the team leader and the man in charge of the activities at Blacklands farm and asking him questions about the activities to make sure that everyone fully understood everything.Compared to my team in the bridge building challenge we listened to the team leader and asked questions a lot more so therefore the work done at Blacklands farm was a lot more successful. Agreeing tasks at Blacklands farm we agreed on the tasks by communicating with each team member to get everyone’s point of view to make sure that everyone got a say in to what they thought, by doing this it meant that everyone in the team agreed on the approach to the task.Sometimes someone would disagree with an idea which could cause conflict in the group, we dealt with this by taking a vote and going with what was voted the most. When doing the bridge building challenge becaus e my group only consisted of three people there was less conflict in the group because it was easier for us to agree on the task, it was also easier because we had a team leader so we just went along with what he said.Valuing people valuing people was very important at Blacklands farm because the tasks set were very full on and physically hard so it was essential that every team member was valued as an individual and involved because with tasks such as the spider’s web every bit of help was needed. Even though the bridge building challenge wasn’t as physical it was still very important that each team member was valued equally because the task involved a lot of concentration and tactical skills.Being receptive to feedback at Blacklands farm we did a task that we failed on a number of times so our team leader stopped us and gave us feedback on what we was doing right and what we was doing wrong and what we could do to complete the task more quickly and easily. Me and my team listened to our team leader and were receptive to his feedback and did as he said and to our advantage completed the task.When doing the bridge building challenge we were given feedback on ways of how to complete the challenge more quickly and successfully, unfortunately me and my group did not pay attention to the feedback and therefore our bridge was not completed in time. Maintaining focus maintaining focus at Blacklands farm was important for a lot of the tasks because if focus was lost it could affect the whole team and make a certain task fail, at times it was hard to maintain a focus because of cold weather and muddy conditions.To maintain a focus we pulled together as a group and were motivated by our team leader and team members. It was hard to maintain a focus when doing the bridge building challenge for my group because at times each team member would get frustrated when things weren’t going as planned, we maintained a focus by thinking of the prize that coul d be won to whoevers bridge could hold the most amount of glue sticks.Encouraging other team members to recommend improvements this was important at Blacklands farm because if there was something in the task that wasn’t going to plan it could be changed and improved for the better of the group. When doing the bridge building challenge it wasn’t as important to encourage a team member to recommend improvements because there was only three people in our group and we voted on who should be team leader so we was confident that who we had chosen knew what was right so we went with what they said.Dealing with conflict at Blacklands farm because my team worked very well together so there was hardly any conflict, but if there was conflict we dealt with this by discussing the problem together as a group and then discussing what would be the best approach to the problem and if necessarily to take a vote. If there was any conflict whilst doing the bridge building challenge we de alt with this by letting the matter fall into the team leaders hand and letting them decide the best option for the group, by doing this it avoided more conflict.Communication methods at Blacklands farm we communicated by asking questions to make sure that everything was covered and so that everyone had a good understanding of the task, we also listened to each team member when they spoke to maintain a good communication within the whole team. At times we used body language to communicate with team members by using expressions as thumbs up and thumbs down to indicate yes or no.We also had to use body language in one task where we were asked to get in a line according to birth date but without talking so in this task we used our hands to indicate numbers. Unlike at Blacklands farm when doing the bridge building challenge we weren’t asked to do anything without talking so body language wasn’t as necessary, we still had to constantly ask questions and listen to team memb ers to maintain a good relationship in the team and to make sure that communication was maintained.

4 Ways to Spot a Cheater

4 Ways to Spot a Cheater Free Online Research Papers Even as an undergrad I was constantly amazed at the lack of consideration that my class mates would put into their course work. Cheating was obviously their first problem, but this article is less about the questionable ethics of someone that cheats. What always stood out for me was the beautiful combination of bad judgment and terrible Microsoft Word skills. Even more amazing is that I was a computer science student and surrounded by individuals with an amazing aptitude for technology that would often far exceed my own, so what was missing? Group assignments, from my perspective this type of assignment brings out the absolute worst in most people. I am not sure if it is just because when confronted the opportunity to be lazy most people opt in or it is the rare occasion to see how most people go about writing a paper. As a result of this trend I would go as far as to break a 4 person group into 3 authors and 1 editor because inevitably the paper would not have consistent flow without it. The following will outline the 3 most common things that people would do that made it blatantly obvious that they didn’t write their own part. I. Don’t use Wikipedia as a place to copy your entire paper. For one second just accept the fact that you are not the only person on the planet with access to the internet and furthermore you don’t have secret access to Google. I laugh at how lame mot people are when it comes to their ability to search, thinking that results they pulled back are only disclosed to them. II. Answer the question that you are supposed to. A good sign that someone is cheating is that they get the topic right but they don’t really answer the question that being posed to them. If the question is to describe the impact of technology on modern library systems do not hand in 3 pages on the Dewey Decimal System. III. The third and easiest way to point out a cheater is when the â€Å"author† doesn’t even bother changing the font from a web font to the default MS Word font. I mean come on people, how lame do you have to be to think that no one is going to wonder why you used 4 different fonts, and a web font?!? Again, let me point this out again, I was a computer science major so the people I was in classes with were arguably better than average computer users. And still they would turn in papers with web fonts? IV. Avoid turning in papers where the British style of spelling is utilized. Does it not look suspicious when you suddenly begin spelling: Color as Colour Analyze as Analyse Skillful as Skilful Theater as Theatre So at the end of the day avoid being lazy and if you are going to be lazy about writing, do not be lazy about your research. Avoid Wikipedia, answer the question asked of you, consider fonts, and avoid the Kings English. Do these few things and your papers will be better than your classmates. Research Papers on 4 Ways to Spot a CheaterMind TravelStandardized TestingHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionResearch Process Part OneThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalWhere Wild and West MeetThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsEffects of Television Violence on Children

How to Use Dual Prepositions in German

How to Use Dual Prepositions in German Most German prepositions are always  followed by the same case, but dual prepositions (also called two-way or doubtful prepositions) are prepositions that can take either the accusative or dative case. What Are the Dual Prepositions in German? There are nine of these dual  prepositions: anaufhinternebeninà ¼beruntervorzwischen How to Decide Whether A Dual Preposition Is Dative or Accusative? When a dual preposition answers the question where to? (wohin?) or what about? (worà ¼ber?), it takes the accusative case. When answering the question where (wo?), it takes the dative case.   In other words, the accusative prepositions typically refer to an action or movement to another place, whereas the dative prepositions refer to something that is not changing location.   Think about the English phrases he jumps into the water versus he is swimming in the water. The first answers a where to question: Where is he jumping? Into the water. Or in German, in das Wasser  or  ins Wasser. He is changing location by moving from the land into the water. The second phrase represents a where situation. Where is ​he swimming? In the water. In German, in dem Wasser  or  im Wasser. He is swimming inside the body of water and not moving in and out of that one location.   To express the two different situations, English uses two different prepositions:  in  or  into. To express the same idea, German uses one preposition -   in  - followed by either the accusative case (motion) or the dative (location). More About Using the Accusative Case If you want to convey a direction or destination in a sentence, youll need to use the accusative. These sentences will always answer the question where  to/wohin? For example: Die Katze springt auf den Stuhl. |  The cat jumps on(to) the chair.Wohin springt die Katze? Auf den Stuhl. | Where is the cat jumping? On(to) the chair. The accusative case is also used when you can ask what about/worà ¼ber? For example: Sie diskutieren à ¼ber den Film. |  They are discussing  the film.Worà ¼ber diskutieren sie? ÃÅ"ber den Film. | What are they talking about? About the film. More About Using the Dative Case The dative case is used to indicate a stable position or situation. It answers the question where/wo?  For example: Die Katze sitzt auf dem Stuhl. (The cat sits on the chair.) The dative is also used when there is no particular direction or goal intended.  For example: Sie ist die ganze Zeit in der Stadt herumgefahren.|  (She drove around town all day.) Remember that the above rules apply only to dual prepositions. Dative-only prepositions will always remain dative, even if the sentence indicates motion or direction.  Likewise, accusative-only prepositions will always remain accusative, even if no motion is described in the sentence.   Clever Ways to Remember  German Prepositions Arrow verses Blob Some find it easier to remember the accusative-versus-dative rule by thinking of the accusative   letter  A  on its side, representing an arrow ( ) for motion in a specific direction, and the dative letter D  on its side to represent a blob at rest. Of course, how you remember the difference matters little, as long as you have a clear understanding of when a two-way preposition uses the dative or accusative.   Rhyme Time   Use the following rhyme to help  memorize dual-prepositions): An, auf, hinter, neben, in, à ¼ber, unter, vor und zwischenstehen mit dem vierten Fall, wenn man fragen kann â€Å"wohin,†mit dem dritten steh’n sie so,daß man nur fragen kann â€Å"wo.† Translated: At, on, behind, near, in, over, under, before and between Go with the fourth case, when one asks where to The third case is different: With that, you can only ask where. Dual Prepositions and Sample Sentences The following chart lists an example of the dative and accusative cases for several dual prepositions. Preposition Definition Dative Example Accusative Example an at, by, on Der Lehrer steht an der Tafel.The teacher is standing at the blackboard. Der Student schreibt es an die Tafel. The student writes it on the board. auf on, onto Sie sitzt auf dem Stuhl.She is sitting on the chair. Er legt das Papier auf den Tisch.He is putting the paper on the table. hinter behind Das Kind steht hinter dem Baum.The child is standing behind the tree. Die Maus luft hinter die Tr.The mouse runs behind the door. neben beside, near, next to Ich stehe neben der Wand. I stand next to the wall. Ich setzte mich neben ihn. I sat down next to him. in in, into, to Die Socken sind in der Schublade.The socks are in the drawer. Der Junge geht in die Schule.The boy goes to school. ber over (above), about, across Das Bild hngt ber dem Schreibtisch.The picture hangs over the desk. ffne den Regenschirm ber meinen Kopf. Open the umbrella over my head. unter under, below Die Frau schlft unter den Bumen.The woman is sleeping under the trees. Der Hund luft unter die Brcke.The dog runs under the bridge. zwischen between Der Katze stand zwischen mir und dem Stuhl.The cat is between me and the chair. Sie stellte die Katze zwischen mich und den Tisch.She put the cat between me and the table. Test Yourself Answer this question: Is  in der Kirche  dative or accusative? Wo  or  wohin?   If you think that  in der Kirche  is dative and the phrase answers the question  wo?  then you are correct.  In der Kirche  means in (inside) the church, while  in die Kirche  means into the church (wohin?). Now you see yet another reason why you need to know your German genders. Knowing that church is  die Kirche, which changes to  der Kirche  in the dative case, is an essential element in using any preposition, but especially the two-way ones. Now well put the  Kirche  phrases into sentences to further illustrate the point: Akkusativ:  Die Leute gehen in die Kirche.  The people are going into the church.  Dativ:  Die Leute sitzen in der Kirche.  The people are sitting in the church.

Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stereotypes - Essay Example As the paper discusses  knowing a lot of stuff may seem harmless, albeit insufficient, but the problem is that to shape schools around this goal, dressed up with pretentious labels like "cultural literacy", have, the effect of taking time away from the more meaningful objectives, such as knowing how to think†¦the Bunch o' Facts model proves a poor foundation on which to decide who is properly educated...It is as poor basis for designing curriculum as is it for judging the success of schooling.  This study outlines that  completely agree with Kohn that cramming up or memorizing, some isolated facts, and then getting good grades on that basis by scoring high on standardized tests, surely ensures a certificate for the student and consequentially may get him a job, but the basic and pricking question remains that have those hours in the class room been helpful in making him an educated person. The basic question to be asked here is that, is the aim of education only to get a j ob after certain years of spending time in school or does it go beyond that. The scope of education lies well beyond the limited boundaries we as policy makers, teachers, parents and most importantly students have set for ourselves. The traditional way of spreading knowledge makes us smart and repeating myself well trained in our chosen discipline, but it in no way implies that we are well educated, so what we are really receiving in the name of education is â€Å"edukatisch†.

Allergic Asthma Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Allergic Asthma - Case Study Example In 2001, 73 people per 1000 were diagnosed to have chronic allergic asthma with the help of the medical professional; this is current prevalence of allergic asthma. What is more interesting to note, is that the prevalence of allergic asthma among minorities is disproportionably higher than among the native population. This may be explained by the social conditions, which often define the general state of health and immune system among patients from ethnic minorities. Asthma was also one of the leading diagnoses in the hospitalizations, and its morbidity was equal to 1.6 per 100,000 of the native population. Thus, accounting the noted information the importance and relevance of the present discussion is not under any doubt. (Adams, Smith & Ruffin, 2001) first of all, the process of diagnosis and its confirmation is clinical, and there are no blood tests, histopathological or radiographic investigations which can be performed to confirm the suggested asthma. Mrs. H addressed the doctor for medical assistance in 2004. ... sence of wheeze during these periods were the signs of the asthma, but for the reasons of her addressing the medical establishment with this problem for the first time, there had been no previous notes in relation to her state. She was 29, and she had used to have such health problems for about 10 years before, but with the exacerbations passing quickly and with long breaks she didn't see the reason for serious medication. Mrs H's family history stated that her both parents had chronic allergic rhinitis. Mrs H herself noted that tobacco smoke worsened her state, as well as dust inhaling; she had never smoked herself. Her social status was favorable, and her profession was accounting, thus she used to work with papers which could often be the sources of dust. She didn't have any signs of breath difficulties after use of aspirin or other medicines. Wheeze was episodic but was becoming more frequent. It is useful to remember, that the symptoms of allergic asthma may sometimes be mixed with the other symptoms, which may make the diagnosis doubtful or wrong; if the patient has difficulties in breathing without wheeze, fixed wheeze, or mentions the weight loss, the chest X-ray is recommended for the determining of the exact diagnosis, which in such case may be either COPD, or tumor, bronchiectasis, etc. As for the family history in diagnosing allergic asthma, it is one of the most important risk factors to account when diagnosing any allergic diseases; 'asthma is linked to both parental and sibling history. The strongest association is with maternal atopy'. (British Thoracic Society, 1997) Diagnosis of asthma with the account of theoretical knowledge Bearing in mind that Mrs H didn't have any additional symptoms which could make the diagnosis doubtful, she was asked to

Finance Problems Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Finance Problems - Speech or Presentation Example In order for the company to have the credit standing â€Å"comfortably within the A range,† the target range to be chosen should be at the lower end of the ranges, or the upper limit of the lower rating as its lower limit, and the upper limit of the A rating for the upper limit. Thus, for the fixed charge, the company must choose 3.40x – 4.30x; the lower limit is the upper limit for the Baa rating. For the funds from operations/total debt, the range should be 55-65; 55 being the upper limit for Baa. For the long-term debt/capitalization, the range should be 22-30; the 30% being the lower limit for the Baa rating, rating below the A rating. One of the factors to be included in the decision include the companys research and development spending, which as mentioned in the question can be assumed as capitalized and part of the intangible asset of the company. Because this is an intangible, other investors may not buy into it as a security in terms of providing higher amounts of loans to the company, compared to its competitors. While it has higher than average spending for R&D, this is not a tangible cost that could back up any claims for insolvency, which is also a concern to the investors. Also, the companys ability to use other tax credits is another consideration for settling with the target ranges, because these has effect on the three key figures for the company to qualify for a certain credit rating. Because R&D is capitalized, the additional tax credits by increasing the leverage may not be so significant to the company when R&D is capitalized into intangibles. Because it invests in higher than average R&D, and has higher foreign credits, if these are not affected by increasing the financial leverage of the company, it does not give huge benefit to the company in the process. II. (18-A10 Dividend adjustment model) Regional Software has made a bundle selling spreadsheet software and has begun paying cash

Cardiac Activity and Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Waveform

Cardiac Activity and Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Waveform Lachlan Donnet-Jones Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in Australia. One of the primary causes of SCD is cardiac dysrhythmias, such as, Ventricular Tachycardia (VT). The most effective treatment for life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias is defibrillation. This essay will examine the relationship between cardiac activity and the Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) waveform, and discuss how defibrillation may terminate this dysrhythmia, allowing the heart to return to a normal rhythm. The typical healthy adult heart will have a resting heart rate of between 60 and 100 beats per minute (Saladin, 2011). When the heart beats abnormally fast, it pumps less effectively, which decreases the level of perfusion to the tissue of the body, including the heart itself. This rapid heart rate increases the hearts muscle tissues (myocardium) demand for oxygen, and without intervention, can lead to the death of myocardial cells, which is known as a Myocardial Infarction (MI) (Huazers, 20). Each year in Australia approximately 55,000 people suffer a heart attack, or an Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). This is equal to 150 heart attacks per day or one in every 10 minutes (Heart Foundation). The Australian Bureau of Statistics reported that over 350,000 Australians will suffer an AMI at some point in their lives (ABS, health survey). In Trappes’ 2012 research article, Trappe notes that there is no single factor that causes an AMI, it is a multifactorial problem, however, approximately ninety percent of AMI’s are caused by tachyarrhythmia’s (Trappe, 2012). Before one can gain a thorough understanding of dysthymias, it is necessary to develop a fundamental grasp of the heart’s electrical conduction system and the associated physiology and pathophysiology. The primary function of the electrical conduction system is to transmit electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node (SA node) (normal site of conception) down to the atria and ventricles, triggering a contraction of heart muscle (myocardium) and controlling the heart rate. In a normal sinus rhythm, originating from the SA node, there are three phases; atrial depolarisation, ventricular depolarisation and atrial and ventricular repolarisation. The SA node is found within the wall of the right atrium proximal to the entrance of the superior vena cava. Similar to all electrical nodes within the heart, the SA node is composed of pacemaker cells which generate automatic and regular electrical impulses. These electrical impulses travel through the walls of the right atrium, causing contraction of the heart muscle (myocardium), to the atrioventricular node (AV node) via internodal conduction tracts (anterior, middle, and posterior). A final SA node conduction pathway, known as Bachmann’s bundle (interatrial conduction tract), transmits electrical impulses across the heart to the left atrium. On an electrocardiogram (ECG) this atrial depolarisation is represented by the P wave. The fibrous annulus is a non-conductive layer of tissue which prevents the electrical impulse from travelling outside the perimeter of the atrium. The primary function of the AV node is to process the electrical impulses from the atria to the bundle of His in a way that slows the impulses arrival at the ventricles by approximately 0.12 seconds. This delay allows for the atria to empty and the ventricles to fill before the next contraction. After the bundle of His, the electrical impulse will travel down the right bundle branch and the left common bundle branch. These bundle branches continue to subdivide into smaller branches, the smallest of which connect to the Purkinje network, an elaborate mesh of minute Purkinje fibres which spread throughout the ventricles. In a normal functioning heart it will take an electrical impulse approximately 0.2 seconds to travel from the SA node to the Purkinje network in the ventricles. On an ECG, this is shown as the P-R interval. At this point the impulse causes the ventricles to contract, pumping the blood out of the ventricles and into the systemic circulation. This depolarisation of the ventricles is represented by the QRS complex. Immediately following a QRS complex, is a period of time in which there is no electrical activity in the myocardium. This is known as the S-T segment and is normally represented as a flat line, level with the isoelectric line of an ECG. The proceeding T wave represents the repolarisation of the ventricles to their resting state. If at any point in this process the electrical impulse is disturbed, it can create a cardiac dysrhythmia, such as if the SA node were to produce rapid electrical impulses, resulting in tachycardia (fast heart beat). Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) is a type of tachycardia that originates within the inferior chambers of the heart, called the ventricles. The ventricles are the primary pumps of the heart, therefore, when they are compromised it can quickly deteriorate into a life-threatening dysrhythmia, such as, ventricular fibrillation (VF) or asystole (Chou, 2008). The diagnosis of VT is made by examining the rhythm seen on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Although numerous diagnostic criteria have been developed, such as the ‘Brugada Criteria’ (Brugada, 1991), the following are the most commonly accepted (Riley, 2008). The rate of VT is above 100 per minute, typically 150 to 200, with a regular rhythm. The R-S complex is absent in precordial leads, and there are three or more consecutive Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) present (AV dissociation). The ectopic pacemaker is below the Atrioventricular node (AV node), therefore, the PR interval is irrelevant. In addition, different ambulance services will have their own specific diagnostic criteria for VT, for example, Ambulance Tasmania (AT) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG’s) state that the rhythm must present with QRS complexes of over 0.12 seconds, and be sustained for a period of over 30 seconds (sustained VT). VT can be classified using three methods; morphology, episode duration, and symptoms. In regards to morphology, there are two primary categories of VT; monomorphic and polymorphic. Monomorphic VT has numerous causes, but is determined by consistent appearance across all leads of an ECG. A common reason that the beats from each lead appear the same, is because the impulse is being generated from an increased rate of automaticity in a single point from the left or right ventricles. This means that the pacemaker cells, such as the Purkinje fibres in the left and right ventricles, that are able to reach an action potential on their own accord (automaticity), have increased the rate at which they fire impulses (intrinsic rate). Another reason for monomorphic VT is due to the presence of a re-entry circuit within the ventricle. A re-entry circuit occurs when an electrical impulse constantly travels in a constricted circle within the heart, as opposed to moving from one end of the heart to the other, like a normal electrical impulse circuit. Although monomorphic VT has many causes and contributing factors, the most common cause is scarring of the myocardial tissue from a previous MI episode. The scarred tissue left behind does not conduct electrical impulses, and therefore, the potential for a circuit around the scar can result in tachycardia. This is similar to the aforementioned re-entrant circuit, and is a common cause of other dysrhythmias, such as, atrial flutter (Af) and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Scar-related monomorphic VT is predominantly prevalent in patients who have a previously survived a MI, particularly in those who have damaged myocardium as a result (John, reference). Unlike the cons istent rhythm seen is monomorphic VT, polymorphic VT is an irregular rhythm that has constant variations in its morphology. A second method to define VT is studying the duration of the episode. Three or more consistent contractions on an ECG, originating from within a ventricle at over 100 beats per minute, is determined as VT. If the tachycardia rhythm terminates itself in under 30 seconds, it is considered non-sustained VT. If the rhythm continues beyond 30 seconds, it is considered sustained VT. The final method to classify VT is reviewing symptoms. When a patient is in VT, the loss of co-ordinated atrial contraction and high heart rate can impair cardiac output (CO), and therefore, they will not have a palpable pulse. This is known as Pulseless VT. Pulseless VT is concomitant with an absence of cardiac output (CO), and therefore, according to AT clinical practice guidelines, is to be treated as worst case scenario, which is ventricular fibrillation (VF), a shockable rhythm (CPG Reference). In a report from the American College of Cardiology, Zipes et. al note that VT can occasionally be accompanied by reasonable cardiac output and may even present as asymptomatic, however, the heart will not tolerate this rhythm for a sustained period of time, and will eventually deteriorate to pulseless VT or VF. Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) with a bundle branch block (BBB) or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is commonly misdiagnosed as VT (Trappe). This is due to the similar diagnostic characteristics, such as, wide QRS complexes and high heart rates, which are mutual in all wide complex tachycardia (litfl). It is important to differentiate the two because certain medications used to treat SVT could potentially worsen the patient’s condition. As Trappe notes in his research article ‘Treating critical supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias’, it is always beneficial to treat for the worst case scenario, in this case, VT (Trappe, 2010). This opinion is mutual in regards to Ambulance Tasmania CPG’s, where it recommends treating for worst case scenario. Once a shockable dysrhythmia has been recognised, it is necessary to intervene with an external source of electrical activity to correct the hearts rhythm. Defibrillation is the standard and most effective treatment for cardiac dysrhythmias, such as VT and VF (Reference). Defibrillation is the process of using a device called a defibrillator to deliver a therapeutic measure or ‘shock’ of electrical current through the heart. The current delivered, aims to depolarise a critical mass (Critical mass theory**) of the heart muscle (myocardium), interrupting the dysrhythmia and allowing the heart’s natural pacemaker, the SA node, to return to a normal sinus rhythm. Defibrillators are becoming widely available in the form of transvenous, implanted (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator), or external (automated external defibrillators) devices. Despite the different forms a defibrillation device may present in, they all operate on the same principle. There are two different methods of delivering an electrical shock from a defibrillation device; monophasic and biphasic waveforms. Monophasic is the ‘old’ method in which the electrical current travelled in one direction through a patient’s chest. The second method is using a biphasic waveform, meaning the current is delivered to the heart in two vectors (two directions). Due to the use of two vectors, the peak electrical current needed to revert a dysrhythmia is decreased to 200 joules, as opposed to 360 joules of a monophasic waveform. Due to the high voltage (360 joules) used in monophasic waveform it can cause superficial burns to the patients skin. Additionally, _____ found the use of a biphasic waveform to be more effective at returning the heart to a sinus rhythm and resulted in less damage to myocardium, leading to better patient outcomes (Reference) . ____ notes that for the aforementioned reasons, monophasic waveform defibrillation is quickly being replaced with biphasic (Reference). Page 1 of 5